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Since there are many factors that affect the effect of crude oil desalination, the current research on electric desalination technology also presents a diversified situation, which can be summarized as the following three aspects of research and development: First, research and development of new electrode plate structures, Such as three-layer polar plates, squirrel cage polar plates, etc .; second, research and development of different electric field methods and demulsification methods, such as AC and DC electric fields, pulsed electric fields, microwave demulsification, ultrasonic demulsification; Demulsifier technology, including research and development in desalination aids. It can be said that the research and development progress of new electric desalination technology has a significant impact on coping with the trend of crude oil inferior quality and solving the actual production problems of electric desalination. The relatively mature pulsed electric desalination technology and ultrasonic electric desalination technology are introduced respectively below.

In order to cope with the general trend of crude oil degradation, the process flow of the electric desalination system itself also needs to make necessary optimization adjustments, such as the optimization of the crude oil heat exchange process network, the adjustment of the water injection process, the optimization of the layout of the electric field structure in the desalination tank, the backwash position and Adjustment of drainage process, upgrade of mixing valve, etc. In order to fundamentally solve the problem, it is required that the electric desalination device newly added in the future will fully consider the fact of the crude oil heavy quality trend at the design stage, and make necessary optimization adjustments in the design of the electric desalination process.

According to the above discussion, the crude oil desalination process needs to be optimized and adjusted in the following aspects:

1. The electrical desalination process flow should be able to freely adjust between the “parallel process” and the “series process” according to the processing load of the device and the change in crude oil properties. For example, in the case of a low load, according to the actual situation of the device, the local parallel operation is changed to the serial operation (such as the first and second desalination tanks are changed from parallel to series, etc.), so the desalination effect can be improved accordingly, and the operation flexibility of the device .

2. The process heat exchange network of atmospheric and vacuum devices should be optimized and adjusted as a whole. The goal is to ensure that the electrical desalination temperature of crude oil at all levels can meet the requirements for processing heavy crude oil. Guarantee.

3. Optimized adjustment of water injection position, injection emulsion position and backwashing position. Practice has proved that the different positions of water injection and demulsifier injection have a subtle effect on the desalination effect and operation stability of the entire electric desalination device. It is best to use the step-by-step re-injection mode for electric desalination water injection, and pay attention to the changes in the nature of crude oil Different types of demulsifiers, such as oil-soluble or water-soluble, are used to make necessary optimization adjustments to the demulsifier injection position. In addition, in order to ensure the backwashing effect of the electric desalination tank and prevent the fluctuation of the oil-water interface caused by backwashing, it is better to add an independent backwashing system and realize the backwashing operation with desalination and cutting water.

4. Adding a thermal sedimentation tank before the crude oil enters the electric desalination tank, which can effectively settle some impurities and even sediment in the crude oil, which is equivalent to increasing the sedimentation time of the crude oil, thereby reducing the change in crude oil properties. Direct impact. In addition, an additional desalination sewage settlement tank can be considered according to the actual situation, and the oil and water settlement time should be increased to ensure the water quality and environmental protection index. New technologies can be actively adopted, for example, Zhongyuan Refinery uses the swirling oil removal technology of the University of Petroleum to control the oil content of sewage, which has produced very good technological results.